Abstract

The independent and autonomous economy is a core factor that ensures each nation's sustainable and stable development, especially in the context of deep international integration. Therefore, new approaches for economic development in which innovative economic growth models align with the current new context are necessary. The article analyzes Vietnam’s economic growth model transformation amid globalization, the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and climate change. It highlights the shift from a traditional input-driven growth model to an innovation-driven model, where R&D, digital technology, and artificial intelligence (AI) play a crucial role in enhancing productivity and sustainable development. Additionally, the article clarifies the relationship between economic autonomy and international integration, emphasizing that an independent economy does not mean isolation but rather leveraging opportunities from free trade agreements (FTAs) to expand global value chains. The study proposes institutional reforms to improve transparency and effective governance and strengthen domestic enterprises to reduce dependence on foreign direct investment (FDI). Finally, the article underscores that green growth and a circular economy, digital economy are inevitable trends to ensure Vietnam’s long-term development.